Assignment Topic: What do you know about sensory madalities? Describe its types in detail. Solution:  Sensory madalities and types of recetors: Sensory modalities are also known as “senses” . Sensory modalities are the types of information that we can distinguish and and differentiate in them. Human sensory modalities: They include five major senses. They are determined or detected by specific receptors of sense organs. Vision sense is detected by eyes. Sense of taste is detected by gustatory receptors of tongue. Hearing is percieved by mechano receptors of eara. Sense of touch is detected by meissners corpuscles receptors in skin. Sense of smell is percieved by olfactory receptors of nasal cavity. Introceptive ( internal ) receptors: Sensory madalities also include internal receptors. These internal receptors make internal sensory system. They respond to those stimuli that are generated within the body.They include: Receptors of vestibular system that controls body orientation. Internal receptors are also found in the semicircular canals of inner ear. Inside the body there are thermo receptors that monitor the temperature of body. Chemo receptors are located inside he body that control the state of chemical in the body. Proprioceptors are present to control the muscle and joint position. Nociceptors are found to feel pain inside the body. Pacinian corpules receive stimulus of pressure. These receptors are found deep in the body. Introceptors present in limbs receive stimulus of vibration. They communicate some information to brain by pathways that are not brought in the conciousness. Introceptors provide information to brain about state of body and its position in space. Sensory madalities in nonhuman animals: Many non human animals posess some other receptors other than human receptors.  For example: Pit organsElectroreceptorsMagnireceptorsElectroreceptors:These receptors are found in electric fishes. Ther are used to detect electrical signals of very low frequency. Electric fishes use these receptors for communication purpose among themselves in murky water. Pit organs: These receptors are found in some snakes. Snakes use these receptors to sense heat energy realesed bt mammals. They also use these receptors to identify their prey due to difference in temperature. Magnoreceptors: These receptors are found in many migratory birds. These birds use these receptors as navigational guide. They detect magnetic field of Earth.         _________________________________________What is chemoreception ? Give at least two examples. Solution:  chemoreceptionThis is the detection of a chemical with the help of chemoreceptors.  Chemoreception depends on proteins in receptor cell membranes that can recognize and combine with molecules from the environment.Chemoreceptors : Chemoreceptor or chemosensor, is a specialized sensory receptor cell which responds to a chemical substance it would be endogenous or induced and produces a biological signal. This signal may be an action potential if the chemoreceptor is a neuron or a neurotransmitter that can activate a nearby nerve fiber. In more general terms, a chemosensor detects toxic or harmful chemicals in the internal or external environment of the human body and transmits that information to the central nervous system, and sometimes the peripheral nervous system, in order to expel the biologically active toxins from the blood, and prevent further consumption and usage of alcohol and many other sever toxic recreational intoxicants.Examples: Zoo-502Student id. mc160401081Student Name: Nadia AliAssignment Topic: What do you know about sensory madalities? Describe its types in detail. Solution:  Sensory madalities and types of recetors: Sensory modalities are also known as “senses” . Sensory modalities are the types of information that we can distinguish and and differentiate in them. Human sensory modalities: They include five major senses. They are determined or detected by specific receptors of sense organs. Vision sense is detected by eyes. Sense of taste is detected by gustatory receptors of tongue. Hearing is percieved by mechano receptors of eara. Sense of touch is detected by meissners corpuscles receptors in skin. Sense of smell is percieved by olfactory receptors of nasal cavity. Introceptive ( internal ) receptors: Sensory madalities also include internal receptors. These internal receptors make internal sensory system. They respond to those stimuli that are generated within the body.They include: Receptors of vestibular system that controls body orientation. Internal receptors are also found in the semicircular canals of inner ear. Inside the body there are thermo receptors that monitor the temperature of body. Chemo receptors are located inside he body that control the state of chemical in the body. Proprioceptors are present to control the muscle and joint position. Nociceptors are found to feel pain inside the body. Pacinian corpules receive stimulus of pressure. These receptors are found deep in the body. Introceptors present in limbs receive stimulus of vibration. They communicate some information to brain by pathways that are not brought in the conciousness. Introceptors provide information to brain about state of body and its position in space. Sensory madalities in nonhuman animals: Many non human animals posess some other receptors other than human receptors.  For example: Pit organsElectroreceptorsMagnireceptorsElectroreceptors:These receptors are found in electric fishes. Ther are used to detect electrical signals of very low frequency. Electric fishes use these receptors for communication purpose among themselves in murky water. Pit organs: These receptors are found in some snakes. Snakes use these receptors to sense heat energy realesed bt mammals. They also use these receptors to identify their prey due to difference in temperature. Magnoreceptors: These receptors are found in many migratory birds. These birds use these receptors as navigational guide. They detect magnetic field of Earth.         _________________________________________What is chemoreception ? Give at least two examples. Solution:  chemoreceptionThis is the detection of a chemical with the help of chemoreceptors.  Chemoreception depends on proteins in receptor cell membranes that can recognize and combine with molecules from the environment.Chemoreceptors : Chemoreceptor or chemosensor, is a specialized sensory receptor cell which responds to a chemical substance it would be endogenous or induced and produces a biological signal. This signal may be an action potential if the chemoreceptor is a neuron or a neurotransmitter that can activate a nearby nerve fiber. In more general terms, a chemosensor detects toxic or harmful chemicals in the internal or external environment of the human body and transmits that information to the central nervous system, and sometimes the peripheral nervous system, in order to expel the biologically active toxins from the blood, and prevent further consumption and usage of alcohol and many other sever toxic recreational intoxicants.Examples: