INTRODUCTION: Theworld’s topmost zoos offer direct encounters with a number of the most interestingand rare creatures on the sphere, an experience that limited people will everbe able to pursue in the wild.

Unlike the restricted cages that housed animalsin sideshow spectacles of the past, the modern zoo has raised territory copyingto an art, judiciously recreating animals’ natural milieus and offering themchallenging activities to decrease boredom and stress.LahoreZoo in Pakistan is the third most reputable zoos on the planet and one of thebiggest zoos in South Asia. It covers an area of 25 sections of land, 1400creatures of nearly 130 species are kept in Lahore Zoo. Lahore zoo is frequently visited throughout the year by more than 3million individuals, including the sightseers.

 In the earlier 30 years, numerouszoological parks have actualized factual changes in the administration offelids to improve their lives. To motivate the psychological and physiologicalwell-being of animals the captive milieu of animals are handled and the processis called Environmental enrichment. However due to the natural hunting activitiesof felids and their requisite for large place, it is hard to make enrichmentplans for them. For the well-being of felids surplus research is required onthe sound effects of enrichments 2. Animals that are kept in synthetic environmentsare gone up against by a wide variety of possibly provocative ecological encounters.

The adverse effects of probable stressors that affect the animals living incaptivity are reviewed in this article. These include abiotic, ecologicalsources of anxiety, for example, manufactured lighting, introduction to noisyor aversive sound, smells and attracting scents, unsuitable temperatures orsubstrates and presence of visitors. Furthermore confinement-specificstressors, for example, limited movement, reduced retreat space, reservedcloseness to people, diminished opportunities for feeding, support in unusualsocial gatherings, and different boundaries of behavioral opportunity areconsidered 3. For the research purpose olive baboonswere carefully chosen to observe behavior of olivebaboons in captivity, also to look at their nutritional profile.Lahorezoo is an abode of wild life and species that are threatened.

Papio Anubis from family Cercopithecidae, common is olive baboons.The kind is the wide ranging of all baboons, being found in25 countries all over Africa, ranging from Mali eastward to Ethiopia andTanzania. Sequestered populations are also present in some hilly regions of theSahara.

It inhabits grasslands, steppes, and forests.  The common name is resulting from its coat hue,which is a shade of green-grey at a distance. A variety of communications, verbaland nonverbal, facilitate a complex social structure.Humanity has always been obsessed withthe non-native, and zoos commenced as just that. Primary zoos collected wildanimals from around the sphere to showcase the unfamiliar and rare creaturesfrom the far corners of the world. Well-being and husbandry were severelylacking, but so was biological information and people believed that the worldand its animals were unlimited.I see zoos struggling to keep up witha culture that is more and more aware of animals and their plight, and I seeboth the truths and flaws in their claims. THE FUTURE OF ZOOS AND CAPTIVE BREEDING:A study freshly published in the journalScience supports the creation of specialized zoos and a network of captivebreeding programs that target species facing a severe risk of destruction.

According to the study, “Specializationgenerally raises breeding success. The animals can be ‘parked’ at these zoosuntil they have a chance of survival in the natural milieu and can then bereturned to the wild.”Threatened species breeding programs willalso help scientists better understand population dynamics critical to the administrationof animals in the wild.  ANIMAL BACKGROUND:The knowledge and the understanding about thestudy of animal are essential to complete the research process.

The OliveBaboons are one of the most primate species in the wild nowadays. Olivebaboons have a greenish-grey covering on their bodies. The individual hair isgreen-grey with rings of black and yellowish-brown, giving the cover a multicolorlook from up-close.

The skin on their face and ears is dark grey to black andcovered with a fine fur and they have a salt and pepper headdress of fur aroundtheir faces. Olive baboons have lengthy, jagged muzzles rather than the flatfaces characteristic of other primates, including humans because of theirquadrupedal stance and motion, they seem quite dog like. Their tails are elongated,between 380 and 584 mm(1.25 and 1.

92 ft.),and are held up and away from the rear for about a quarter of the overall length,and then drop unexpectedly, giving the look that the tail is smashed. Likeother cercopithecines, olive baboons have cheek sacks, specialized pouches onthe inside of their cheeks than they can be used for storage of food as theyforage.When a potential risk is identified, thetroop olive baboons rapidly find shelter in nearby trees.

However, in tackysituations, an attack is the superlative defensive tactic in a baboon’sarsenal. In such conditions, the troop violently charges towards the hunter, exposingtheir long canines. With strength in amounts, jaws and arms, the crowd ofbaboons is well skilled of fending off any hunter in the olive baboon territory.However, the lethal of all, are the humans. Ancestral people living on the savannahsof Africa are well-known to hunt on baboons as they are present in largenumbers.Olive baboons are prelates of the familyCercopithecidae or Old World Monkeys.

These monkeys share 91% DNA resemblanceswith humans. Due to this, there are numerous discussions regarding theevolution of this species.Newly, two fossils were uncovered from theEast African Rift. One of them consisted of a hominid species, Rukwapithecusfleaglei, which was related to hominids while the other one was a primate fromthe family Cercopithecidae. It was called Nsungwepithecus gunnelli. Thetaxonomic status of these species was identified by studying the maxilla andtooth fragments that were well-preserved in the fossils. The fossils is oldabout 25 million years, indicating that apes and the Old World Monkeys musthave been divided during the same era.RANGE:They are originating in large numbers on theAfrican grasslands and in forests savannah.

Their close-knitted societallifestyle is an important factor allowing them to live the harsh lands ofAfrica.Olive baboons are widely spread throughoutequatorial Africa and are establish in 25 countries.Until 2001, free ranging inhabitants of olivebaboons could be discover in Spain, but they have later been caught and shiftedto zoos. This collection of Spanish baboons was recognized when a group of 60olive baboons run away from a safari park and began ranging free on agovernmental farm in 1972.HABITAT:Olive baboons live in a number of different territoriesacross their broad range. Baboons are generally categorized as grasslandspecies, inhabiting open grassland near wooded zones.

While olive baboons do livegrassland in much of their range, they are also found in humid, evergreenforests and near areas of human residence and cultivation.DIET:The crowd of olive baboons devotes most ofthe day probing the lands for food and water. They use their human like handsto find food in the open savannas. Like all other baboon species, the olivebaboon is omnivorous but prefers to depend mainly on an herbivorous diet. Theyare hardly seen hunting and foraging for meat, which makes up about 33.5% ofthe total olive baboon diet.

Baboons feed on plant stuff such as fruits, leaves,seeds, roots, mushrooms, greenswards, tubers and lichens. They also hunt onsmall vertebrates like hares and rodents to meet their nutritional need. Plannedhunting has been newly discovered among olive baboons. Both males and females ofthe mob work together and chase average sized prey like the sheep, goats, Thomson’sgazelle and chickens.

  SOCIAL ORGANIZATION AND BEHAVIOR:Olive baboons live in clusters or”troops” as they are often called, ranging in size from 15 to 150individuals. Within the crowd, there are several mature males, frequent grownfemales and their young of numerous ages. Females almost constantly persist intheir natal crowd for their entire lives whereas males scatter in order tomate. Because females do not relocate but rather halt and breed with refugeemales, some females within a cluster are closely related.

Mothers, offspring,grandmothers, aunts, and nieces subordinate with each other as a subgroup ofthe larger crowd. A steady lined dominance hierarchy occurs within and betweenthese matrilineal subcategories. Rank among females is distributed down throughthe mother so that daughters rank just below their mothers and clusters ofrelated females are ranked higher or lower than other bunches of matrilinealkin. Female kin exchange friendly behaviors like training and lasting in close nearlyto one another as well as assistant one another during agonistic encounterswith other crowd members, both male and female. In addition to having high rankfollowers, dominance confers benefits to females, including improved access tofood and advanced reproductive success.

REPRODUCTION AND LIFECYCLE:A female olive baboon achieves sexual ripenessat the age of 7-8 Years while the male is mature between 8-10 years of age.Males leave their crowd and connect with other crowds before they reach sexual ripeness.As a result, males within a crowd are not connected to each other and youngmales keep a violent nature towards other males of the crowd during the breedingseason.

Olive baboons follow a promiscuous breedingbehavior where males and females of the drove mate with different followersover the breeding season. During ovulation, the female faces sexual swelling,where the genital area swells and turn bright red in color. This action turnsas a signal to males that the female is prepared to mate. Communicative changesare also noticed in both males and females during the breeding period. Femaleswith more sexual swelling are reflected to be more productive than otherfemales. Such females attract many males, resulting in energetic clashes amongthe males. The neonatesarrive after a gestation time of up to 6 months.

The female gives birth to asingle child and defend it for the first few weeks. PARENTAL CARE:While both male and female olive baboons takepart in caring for newborns, the common care providing by their mothers. Theyare intensely dependent on their mums for nourishment and travel for the first somemonths of life.

Newborn olive baboons are born with bright pink covering andblack coats. As they age, their coating darkens and they lose their birthcoats. By six months, their skins have transitioned from black to the olivecolor distinguishing of adults. For the first limited days of life, the mother materiallysupports the baby, which may have a tough time grasping on to her for longduration of time. Within the first week of lifespan, though, its grasp willstrengthen and it will be able to support itself, clinging to the mother’s coatfor long time. As soon as two weeks of age, the infant may break somatic contactwith the mother to search the ground and food items such as grass, but only fora few minutes at a time, and never far from the mother. By three weeks, the babymay try to go away from the mother as it discovers its environments, but it is rapidlyretrieved.

For the first 10 months, the newborn is within arm’s reach of themother at least 50% of the time, but the space between mother and newborn speedilyincreases as the newborn ages so that by one year of age, the infant devotes atleast 50% of its time in distances larger than 8.5 m (27.9 ft.

) of its mum.ABILITY TO SWIM:One uncommon characteristic seen in young olive baboons inNigeria is their aptitude to swim and dive. They have been observed swimming,with their faces submerged in a river, and diving from trees overhanging theriver. They have not been observed hunting during these actions, and presumablyswimming and diving is a form of performance among these baboons.