The first satellite broadcast was in 1981; in the USA the first satellite broadcast was in 1987 and for the UK 1998 but in 2012 digital there will switch over. The key organisations involved in providing digital service to the people are British Sky broadcasting also known as Sky, British Broadcasting Corporation known as BBC and Virgin Media. Who has been the key organisation involved in providing digital service? In February 5th 1989 Australian Rupert Murdoch founder of Sky television was launched.

How Sky became as it was today was by merging with collapsed rival such as British Satellite Broadcasting in 1990 to form British Sky Broadcasting also known as BSB or just Sky. Sky was once a vertical broadcasting network but now it’s a horizontal company which gets its popularity from popular programs such as; Nickelodeon, The history channel, Paramount comedy and the national geographic channel. Its big program channels like these make people want to have Sky.

Such as nickelodeon is a kid’s channel program, the history channel is for the older and more mature audience and the geographic channel is for the male teen audience with shows like American Chopper and American Hot Rod. Virgin Media is formally known as NTL and Telewest because Virgin Media bought the two companies in 2006 after they had merged together and inheriting all their main benefits such as NTL internet broadband is now Virgin. net and Telewest is now Virgin Media program with their logo at the bottom right of the screen.

How Virgin media became a horizontal organization is when the organization became the first quadruple service of; home phones, internet broadband, digital TV, and mobile phones and this is why Sky is one of their rivals. BBC has always been for the people, in other words no one owns the BBC. The BBC is a public corporation: neither a private corporation nor a government department. The high ideal is that it is held in trust for the public of the UK by the BBC Trust.

This is what makes BBC so different from Sky and Virgin Media when it comes to the news and gaining reputation and also the PSB licences fee. PSB stands for Public Service Broadcasting. Public Service Broadcasting is reaches and assumed influence, should have public service as a central goal. This has underpinned the BBC and commercial television. Public Service Broadcasting puts the interests of viewers and listeners at the heart of the system, though there has always been debate over how those interests should be represented.

The main elements are accepted such as; Access for all to a range of high-quality programmes across a range of broadcasters, Impartial news you can trust, Broadcasting free from political and commercial pressures, Owned by the public, accountable to the public and a BBC that is properly-funded, through the licence fee. How BBC represented as a horizontal organisation is how other TV show such as Home and Away is sponsored by Weetabix and Simpson’s are sponsored by Domino Pizza.

Sky is a privet corporation and stands for the government department so Sky News can slightly bend the truth or manufacture the truth but since BBC is controlled by elected governors by the public the news isn’t so much manufactured. What makes BBC a horizontal organisation is how there are different types of BBC’s such as BBC world, getting TV shows from other countries such as the Australian TV show hit Home and away and competitions with the public viewers. How has the proliferation of digital channels broadcasting?

The proliferation has made a many changes to satellite television; it has made the quality of a lot of programs on television worse. This is because they have to constantly make programs to put onto there channel, so they will end up putting a lot of repeats and low budget programs on. It’s much harder now to check now due to the increase of channels, income sources to competitions lines, subscriptions, upgrading, sponsorships and charging for interactive service such as Sky One’s “Press the red bottom”.

What challengers OFCOME face? In 2007 began as its second review of public broadcasting and will conclude in early 2009. OFCOME says that within two years they will finish their 1st public broadcasting review, the media industries have evolved rapidly. Broadcasting Act 1990: It reversed previous boundaries on ownership of ITV franchises, whereby one company could hold only one franchise and overseas ownership was forbidden.

It also loosened regulatory controls on commercial stations. Broadcasting Act 1996: It strengthened the commercial services and paved way for the launch of DTT (digital Terrestrial Television) in the year 1998; it also blocked any other company that owns 20% of newspaper circulation from having any more than a 20% share of an ITV company or channel 5 which stopped Rupert Murdoch (SKY) from being able to buy into any other existing companies such as ITV?