The Battle of Gettysburg brought the dueling North and South together to
the small town of Gettysburg and on the threshold of splitting the Union.

Gettysburg was as close as the United States got to Armageddon and The Killer
Angels gives the full day-to-day account of the battle that shaped Americas
future. Michael Shaara tells the story of the Battle of Gettysburg through the eyes
of the generals and men involved in the action of the battle. The historical account
of the Battle of Gettysburg gives the reader a chance to experience the battle
personally and not the history book manner taught in schools. A historical novel
gives the facts straightforward and provides no commentary by the people
involved in history. The historical account of the Battle of Gettysburg, as seen in
Killer Angels, provides the facts of the battle as seen through the eyes of Generals
Robert E. Lee, Joshua Chamberlain, James Longstreet, and John Buford. The
feelings and inner-thoughts of each General and the conditions of the battle are
seen, heard, and felt by the reader in the historical account. Shaara takes historical
license with letters, the words of the men, and documents written during the
three hellish days of the battle. Shaara avoids historical opinion and provides his
own opinion towards the Civil War and the people. The historical account of the
Civil War, the Battle of Gettysburg specifically, in Killer Angels conveys the
attitude to toward war, attitude towards the Civil War, and cause for fighting the
war of General Robert E. Lee, Joshua Chamberlain, James Longstreet, and John
General Robert E. Lee gained stoic and legendary status as the heart and
soul of the South in the Civil War, but many did not know his reasons and
feelings for fighting the war. War and the slaughter of others did not interest Lee
and he felt compassion for the Union. Lee had contradictory feelings towards war
and says, He was not only to serve in it but he was to lead it, to make the plans,
and issue the orders to kill and burn and ruinhe could not do that (Shaara
263). The Civil War is not in the taste of General Lee, but feels it is his duty, and
he cannot just stand by and watch the war pass him by. Michael Shaara says of
Lees reason for fighting the Civil War , He found that he had no choiceLee
could not raise his hand against his own. And so what then? To stand by and do
nothing? It had nothing to do with causes; it was no longer a matter of vows
(Shaara 263). Shaara, through his commentary on General Lee, explains that Lee
did not want to fight the war but had to. Lee felt it was his duty to fight for his
fellow countrymen, but not for a cause, land, or slavery. So it was no cause and
no country he fought for, no ideal and no justice. He fought for his people, for the
children, and the kin, and not even the land, because the land was worth the war,
but the people were, General Lee says (Shaara 263). General Lee fights for
himself and has no choice but to fight, knowing in the end that he might be wrong
with his cause and pay the price someday. General Lee is not a proponent of war,
but he will serve his country with honor and duty if necessary.
A man of ideals and honor represent the character of Union Colonel Joshua
Chamberlain. Being a man of education, Chamberlain knows the demeaning and
repulsive nature of slavery and has come to fight to end it. Chamberlain hates the
whole idea of the Civil War and the death and destruction that goes along with it.
I used my brother to plug a hole. Did it automatically as if he were expendable,
says Chamberlain (Shaara 304). He hates the idea that men, including his brother,
are dying out in the fight for slavery. The only reason he believes in the Civil War
is that if he the North did not fight freedom would be tarnished and a great
travesty would occur. Chamberlain is not a man of war and blood and doesnt
relish war and its qualities. The idea of war in general to Chamberlain was
ludicrous, as he once wrote Man: The Killer Angel. Chamberlain believes all
other wars have been unnecessary expect for the Civil War because it is a
different kind of war. He says, This is a different kind of army. If you look at
history youll see men fight for pay, or women, or some kind of loot. They fight
because a king makes them. But were here for something new. Were an army
going to set other men free (Shaara 30). Chamberlain is fighting the war because
he believes every man should have the right to freedom. Americans fight for
mankind, for freedom; for the people, not the land, says Chamberlain in regard
to why he is fighting the war (Shaara 29). Chamberlain is fighting this war
because the fact of slavery upon this incredibly beautiful new clean land was
appalling, and true freedom would eventually spread all over the world, but it
started here Many of us came . . . because it was the right thing to do (Shaara
James Longstreet was a General under-appreciated for the great talents
and strategies he possessed in regard to war. Longstreet was a glory man who
loved war for its comradery and action it possessed. However, Longstreet doesnt
believe and hates the idea of fighting the Civil War. He is put up against the men
he commanded and served with before the war, and Longstreet feels traitorous.

It came to him in the night sometimes with a sudden appalling shock that the
boys he was fighting were boys he had grown up with, says Shaara on behalf of
Longstreet. General Longstreet aside from his feelings is very professional and is
out to win the war, no matter at what cost. He needs no cause except victory as
Longstreet says, He did not think much of the Cause the Cause was Victory
(Shaara 63). General Longstreet does not know why he is fighting the war except
for the fact that he had to choose a side or get caught in the middle so he chose the
South. You choose your nightmare side. Once chosen, you put your head down
and went on to win, says Longstreet on behalf of his choice to fight. As General
Longstreet says to General Lee, You have no Cause. You and I, we have no
Cause (Shaara 63). Longstreet is a lost soul among men and fights because he has
to not because he wants to. He feels a great remorse and shame in fighting the
men that he used to lead. He had a great love for battle and the army, but the
General John Buford may just be the reason the North won the Battle of
Gettysburg. With his grit and determination he holds down the whole Rebel army
until reinforcements arrive. Buford is a stoic and mild-mannered person whose
professionalism defines his attitude on the battlefield. Buford feels a duty to his
country and thats his reason for fighting in the war. Michael Shaara says,
Buford did not hate. He was a professional (Shaara 45). However, General
Buford feels that the Civil War is sick and appalling as he says, The appalling
sick stupidity that was so bad you thought sometimes you would go suddenly,
violently, completely insane (Shaara 46).

E.M. Forster, a writer interested in the psychology behind personal
relationship, once said, I hate the idea of causes, and if I had to choose between
betraying my country and betraying my friend, I hope I should have the guts to
betray my country. The Southern Generals Robert E. Lee and James Longstreet
would betray the country before their friends, while the Northern Colonel
Chamberlain and General Buford would pick their country. General Lee feels a
strong sense of duty to his family and friends over country as Shaara says, He
fought for his people, for the children and the kin, and not even the land, because
not even the land was worth the war, but the people were And so he took up
arms willfully, knowingly, in perhaps the wrong cause against his own sacred
oath and stood upon alien ground he had once sworn to defend. (Shaara 263).

Longstreet feels a sense of duty to his friends including the ones on the Union
side. Longstreet feels compassion towards the Union soldiers, feeling that he has
betrayed his friends, as he says , Difficult thing to fight the men you used to
command. Colonel Chamberlain feels that his country is more important than
friends are and he is willing to kill to protect the Union. He had grown up
believing in America and the individual and it was a stronger faith than his faith
in God, says Shaara about Chamberlain. This shows that he loves his country
that he puts it above his faith in God. Chamberlain automatically and
autonomically places his brother in battle without even thinking about the
consequences of losing his brother just to win a battle. General John Buford feels a
sense of duty to his country and serves as a professional. He believes that his
country is more important than his friends are.

When men take up arms to set other men free, there is something sacred
and holy in the warfare, said Woodrow Wilson, the 28th President of the U.S.

and activist for world peace. General Robert E. Lee feels that the Civil War is
very sacred and holy because he is fighting for the freedom of his kin and people.

He believes in his cause and is willing to go against the country and maybe the
will of God to protect the rights of his people. Chamberlain believes the actions of
the Union army are very holy and the most righteous deed done in the history of
the world. This hasnt happened much in the history of the world. Were an
army going out to set other men free; What has been done to the Black is a terrible
thing (Shaara 179). James Longstreet is a very technical man and felt there was
nothing sacred and holy in the Civil War. He felt there were no ideals and fights
only to win, The Cause was Victory (Shaara 63). Buford is a professional and
sees nothing sacred and holy either. He is in the war to serve and win. He has no
The Civil war shattered futures and broke the innocence of many young
lives. Michael Shaara uses the horrific details of the Civil War to teach the reader
that war is not as valiant and courageous as men make it seem. The vivid details
included in the book help to draw and etch the gory pictures of war into ones
mind. The generals each relay their feelings about the death and destruction of
the war to the reader. The reader gets the feeling that the author is
communicating only the negative aspects of the war and not too much of the
glory. All the Generals, Colonels, and men involved cannot seem to stop talking
about the lives theyve seen lost and men wounded. General Lee and the other
men explain that theyve has lost many great comrades and officers in the battle.

Shaara keeps sharp attention to all the blood and bullets flying around the whole
time so the reader feels that war is hell in essence.

Robert E. Lee is the heart and soul of the South and people depended on
him to lead the South into victory. The South admired him for the pride he
brought and the North admired him for his military prowess. One man goes as far
as to say, Well maybe you are come from an ape, and maybe I am come from an
ape, but General Lee, he didnt come from no ape (Shaara 131). Robert E. Lee is
the savior and leader for the people of the South, and they worshiped him. No
man in the North or South doubted his military genius or ever went far enough to
challenge what he said. Fremantle explained that Lee was a mythical hero even in
England, he was a gentlemans man. Well. They love him. They do not blame
him. They do impossible things for him, says Fremantle (Shaara 162). Men
would do anything make Lee proud. The Northern generals were afraid to go
against him at times and respected his power. However, General Longstreet
through the course of the book begins to doubt the old mans power to make
decisions. Longstreet keeps to himself to not offend anybody, especially since
General Lee was a loved man by all. Longstreet feels that Lee is too powerful and
sometimes makes the wrong decisions without somebody being able to tell him
he is wrong. The men shield from blaming Lee. The Old Man is becoming
untouchable, says Longstreet (Shaara 240). Longstreet feels that Lees mythical
status is getting in the way of the war and might end up hurting him. The overall
impression of Lee is that he is a mythical and legendary person to most, but
Longstreet quietly does not see him as the superhuman he is made to seem.

The Civil War was the greatest battle ever waged on American soil and
once it was over the battlefield lay in ruins. The men, the fortunate ones who
survived, moved on to bigger and better battles. However, the battle scars, both
emotional and physical, remained forever. General John Buford is greatly
weakened by his wounds from the battle and fights through the summer. In
December 1863 Buford goes down with Typhoid fever and dies without receiving
recognition for saving the high ground and perhaps the battle. Colonel Joshua
Chamberlain is given a brigade after the battle of Gettysburg but is wounded six
times. He is regarded as one of the greatest soldiers in American history, and
receives numerous medals for honor during the Battle of Gettysburg. Ulysses
Grant gives him the honor of Major General for heroism and is chosen by Grant as
the officer to receive the Southern surrender at Appomattox. Chamberlain is
elected the governor of Maine and eventually elected President of Bowdoin
College. He dies from his wounds in June 1914 at the age of eighty-three. General
Longstreet asks to be relieved of command after the Battle of Gettysburg, but Lee
makes him stay. After the war he blames Lee for the loss of Gettysburg, and this
does not sit well with people. His theory of defensive war is very advanced for
the time. He serves as President of Washington College until his death in 1904.
General Lee remains the symbol of all that is proud and noble in the South. He
asks to be relieved of his command but it is denied. After the war he asks for
pardon from Congress and it is denied until 1970. Lee dies of heart disease in
Bibliography:
Parenthetically Referanced Above