Police Station Network Topologies And Media Computer Science Essay

Ringing topology, besides known as ring web, is a type of computing machine web constellation where computing machines and devices are connected to each other in the signifier of a big circle ( pealing ) .

Each computing machine in the web is called as host that handles every message which flows through the ring. Each host has a alone reference. If a host sends package to another host, the package is sent around the ring until it reaches its concluding finish. Signals ever travel in merely one way around the ring because the ring web has no terminal and so the expiration is non required.

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Every computing machine in the ring is responsible for retransmitting the information. The ring web uses coaxal overseas telegram or fiberoptic overseas telegram as a transmittal media. If one computing machine fails in the individual ring web, the whole web is traveling to breakdown.

The Fiber Distributed Data Interface ( FDDI ) web overcomes the break in the web by directing informations in the clockwise and counterclockwise way on the ring. The FDDI web has two rings. If one ring is failed, the web is still alive with another ring. Token passing is one method for directing informations around the ring. A little package, called a item, passes around the ring to each host. If a host has the information to direct, it modifies the item, adds address ad informations and sends it around the ring to the finish device or returns to the transmitter.

When the intended device receives the information, it creates a message and returns to the transmitter to admit for its safe reaching. Modern pealing web uses “ smart hubs ” which recognize the computing machine ‘s failure and take the computing machine from the pealing automatically. Each computing machine has an equal chance to direct informations and so a individual computing machine ca n’t be able to monopolise the web.Star TopologyStar topology is a type of web topology in which the computing machines and devices are connected to each other by utilizing the overseas telegrams and cardinal connexion point such as hub or switch. Typically, the star web needs more overseas telegrams than the coach web. The overseas telegrams used in the star web are unshielded distorted brace ( UTP ) and shielded twisted-pair ( STP ) .

If one computing machine fails in the star web, the failure affects the merely one computing machine and non the full web. In the star web, the full web depends on the hub or switch and so if the whole web is breakdown, there could be a job in the hub or switch. This characteristic makes easier to trouble-shoot because the decision maker can repair rapidly and easy web jobs including a individual device or overseas telegram without impacting the other devices.

Switch overing engineering is used to link hosts and devices in the star web. In the star web that used hub as a cardinal device, when the computing machine sends the signal, the hub receives it and retransmits it through every overseas telegram to all of the hosts and devices which are connected to the hub. All hosts have the signal and look into the finish reference but merely the host that the signal is addressed processes the information. In the star web that used exchange as a cardinal device, when the computing machine sends the signal, the switch takes it and retransmits it to one of its port where the intended computing machine is connected. In this method, the multiple computing machines can link at the same time without impacting each other.

The star web that used switch is faster than the star web that used hub. Star web constellations are 100-Base-T and 1000-Base-T local country webs.( B ) Advantages of coaxal overseas telegramHas a sufficient frequence scope to back up multiple channelsEach multiple channel offers significant capacityProvides greater bandwidth for each channelSupports assorted scope of servicesImproves noise unsusceptibility and has somewhat better public presentation than twisted-pair overseas telegram.Promotes compatibility and interoperability of different sellers ‘ equipments.Resists electromagnetic intervention.Disadvantages of coaxal overseas telegramThe coach topology which uses coaxal overseas telegram is susceptible to congestion, noise and security hazards.May be damaged by lightning work stoppages.

Installation costs are high.Is heavy and bulky and has high fading and so it would hold need to implement repeaters.Is hard to put in.Is hard to trouble-shoot.Ca n’t be dead set around tight radiusesCa n’t be tolerant to blame.Advantages of unshielded twisted-pair ( UTP ) overseas telegramLimit signal debasement caused by electromagnetic intervention ( EMI ) and radio frequence intervention ( RFI ) .

Can transport informations at a faster velocity.Less expensive than other type of web media.Is easy to put in.Is easy to trouble-shoot.Is easy to travel and alteration.Can be used with most of the major networking architectures.Disadvantages of unshielded twisted-pair ( UTP ) overseas telegramThe distance between signal encouragements is shorter than it is for coaxal and fiberoptic overseas telegrams.

Sensitive to resound.( degree Celsius ) I recommend leading topology and switch and twisted-pair overseas telegram to utilize. Because the star topology is easy to pull off for its simpleness in the functionality. The jobs in the star web are easy to trouble-shoot.

The star topology has really simple format and so it is really easy to spread out on the web. If one host fails in the web, it affects merely the failure host and non the full web. It has good public presentation and it is besides really easy to replace, put in or take hosts or other devices. When the computing machine sends signal to another computing machine, the switch receives it and transportations it straight to the finish computing machine and so it is fast in velocity. The twisted-pair overseas telegram can transport informations at a faster velocity. If the switch is safe, really computing machine in the web is safe.

So, this type of web conveys more privateness than any other webs.

Undertaking 2

( a ) The cyberspace services that may be required areSending Email from one constabulary section to the another constabulary section.Sending the sensitive message from one section to another by utilizing the cyberspace connexion.Watching the web sites to cognize about the intelligence of all over the universe.To denote the new policies of the section.

( B ) The suited connexion velocities for these services are 512 kbps because it is high bandwidth, high velocity and it can utilize firmly.( degree Celsius ) The ISPS that can run into these demands in my state are MPT and Red Link.MPT offers the programs for ADSL service as following.

PlanActivation Fee ( FEC )Monthly Fee ( FEC )Free E-mail HistoriesMaximum Attached DevicessSpeed ( kbps )Data Limit ( MB )Consumer ( Data merely )8403511 Personal computer128400Consumer8404511 Personal computer + VoIP128400Enterprise8407534 Personal computer + VoIP2562,000Corporate8401302512 Personal computer + VoIP51210,000VPN840100

51210,000Red Link offers the programs for Wi-max service as following.PlanMonthly Fee ( FEC )Free Email AccountMaximum Attached DevicessSpeed ( MIR )Consumer4511 Personal computer + 1 VoIP128 KbpsEnterprise7534 Personal computer + 1 VoIP256 KbpsCorporate1302512 Personal computer + 2 VoIP512 KbpsInstallation FeesWi-max Activation Fee= 840 FECWi-max Annual Fee = 60 FECWi-max Equipment Fee= 600 FECEntire Fee = 1,500 FECVoIP Service ( Optional )VoIP Activation Fee = 50 FECVoIP Annual Fee = 60 FECVoIP Adapter ( 3 ports ) = 250 FECEntire Fee =360 FEC( vitamin D ) I recommend to take the MPT as the cyberspace service supplier because it is the best cyberspace service supplier in my state. In the connexion velocity, I recommend to take the ADSL with the corporate program because it has 512 kbps with the sensible cost and it is adequate to utilize the needed cyberspace services for the constabulary section.

Undertaking 3

( a ) I investigate GSM and walky-talky as the two methods of the bipartisan voice communications that could be implemented by the constabulary section. I am traveling to explicate how each method works.

How GSM works

Global System for Mobile Communications ( GSM ) is an international criterion and can utilize in the many parts of the universe.

GSM operates with 900 MHz set ( 890 MHz-960MHz ) in Europe and Asia and 1900 MHz set in United States. GSM web consists of three major systems ; the Switching System ( SS ) , the Base Station System ( BSS ) and the Operation and Support System ( OSS ) .

Switch overing System ( SS )

The shift system performs call processing and endorser related maps. SS has five databases to execute different maps. These databases are Home Location Register ( HLR ) , Mobile Services Switching Center ( MSC ) , Visitor Location Registration ( VLR ) , Authentication Center ( AUC ) and Equipment Identity Register ( EIR ) .

Home Location Register ( HLR )

HLR performs hive awaying and pull offing information of endorsers and consists of endorser waiter profile, position of activities, information about locations and lasting informations of all kinds. When the endorsers use new connexion, the endorsers are registered in HLR of nomadic phone companies.

Mobile Services Switching Center ( MSC )

MSC handles proficient terminal of telephone and performs exchanging functionality of the full system. It controls the calls from same webs and calls from other webs. It is responsible for toll ticketing, common channel signaling, web interfacing, etc.

Visitor Location Register ( VLR )

VLR performs dynamic undertakings and shops impermanent informations sing endorsers which is needed by MSC. VLR is connected to MSC straight. When subscriber moves to different MSC location, VLR integrates to MSC of current location and requests the information of endorser from HLR. When the endorser makes a call, VLR already has the required information for doing call and does n’t necessitate linking to HRL once more.

Authentication Center ( AUC )

AUC handles the security terminal of the system.

The major undertaking is to authenticate and code the parametric quantities which verify user ‘s designation and so the endorser can do a call confidentiality. It makes certain that the nomadic operators are safe from different frauds.

Equipment Identity Register ( EIR )

EIR shops important information sing nomadic equipments.

It provides in curtailing for calls been stolen, mal operation of any Mobile Station ( MS ) or unauthorised entree. ELR and AUC are either stand-alone nodes or sometimes work together as combined AUC/EIR nodes for optimal public presentation.

Base Station System ( BSS )

BSS is really of import in nomadic communicating. It is out door units which consists of Fe rods and is normally high length. It is responsible for linking endorsers to mobile webs. All communicating is made in wireless transmittal.

It can be divided into two systems, Base Transceiver Station ( BTS ) and Base Station Controller ( BSC ) .

Base Transceiver Station ( BTS )

Mobile phones connect to the nomadic web through BTS. BTS handles communicating utilizing radio transmittal with nomadic station. BTS is the wireless equipment that receives and transmits voice informations at the same clip.

Base Station Controller ( BSC )

BSC controls many cells, it registers endorsers and responsible for MS handovers, etc. BSC creates physical nexus between subscriber ( MS ) and BTS and controls maps of BTS. BSC performs the map of high quality switch by handover over the MS to next BSC when MS goes out of the scope of BTS, BSC helps in linking to following in scope BTS to maintain the connexion within the web. BSC besides performs the maps such as cell constellation informations and control wireless frequence in BTS. After BSC done its procedures, informations moves to MSC.

MSC is a exchanging centre that acts like a span between different nomadic webs.

Operation and Support System ( OSS )

OSS implements Operations and Maintenance Center ( OMC ) which is designed to link to equipment of MSC and BSC. OSS proctors and controls the complex systems in the nomadic webs. The basic ground of OSS is to supply users a cost effectual support and solutions. OSS helps in managing, centralising, local and regional operational activities required for the GSM webs.

The of import facets of OSS are keeping nomadic web organisation, provide overview of web, support and care activities.

How Walkie-Talkie plants

Walkie-talkie is a bipartisan wireless transceiver. It is handheld, portable and has a half-duplex channel. While the user negotiations with the walky-talky, the user has to merely force and keep the button on the walky-talky.

Then the sound is transmitted through the air by utilizing the wireless moving ridges. These wireless moving ridges go to another walky-talky and so change over into the sound. There are fundamentally six parts on the common walky-talkies. They are ;Transmitter- It sends voice to another walky-talky after change overing voice into wireless moving ridges.

Receiver- It receives radio moving ridges sent by sender.Speaker- It amplifies the sound received by receiving system.Microphone- It attains the sound and converts it into electric signal.Crystal – It is besides called channel, sets the frequence used for communicating.Power Source- It is normally from the batteries.Most walky-talkies have option to alter channels. This prevents people from utilizing the same channel for communicating.

( degree Celsius ) License Cost for GSM

The licensing cost for GSM is 1,500,000 kyats.

Ratess in KyatsRate of US $Annual Charges12000.00600.00Local Call Fees ( Per Minute )25.000.30Trunk Call Fees ( Per Minute )35.000.

30Value Added ServicesName Line Identification ServicessName Waiting ServiceName Forwarding ServiceThree Ways Call ServiceSwitching FeesReconnection Fees6000.006000.005000.00200.

00120.00120.00120.00120.0030.

0030.00Short Message Services ( SMS )( Per message- upper limit 160 characters )25.0025.00

Equipment cost for GSM

Trade nameNokiaModel No.Nokia 6220Network CommunicationGSM850/900/1800/1900HSDPA900/2100 ( for 3G web )Weight and height108 ten 47 ten 15 millimeter, 90gMemoryInternal memory=128 MBMicro SD Card ( over 8GB )ConnectionBluetooth 2.0 with A2DP, USB 2.

0, EDGE, GPRS, WAP2.0MultimediaMP3, MP4, FM, Television end product built in GPS, Office application, Java applicationType of Camera5 mega pel, Resolution= 2592 ten 1944 pelOsSymbian OS 9.3MessagingSMS, MMS, Email, Instant MessagingCost190,000 kyatsTrade nameSony EricssonModel No.Sony Ericsson K810Network CommunicationGSM850/900/1800/1900Weight and height104 ten 43 ten 10.

5 millimeter, 80gMemoryInternal memory=14 MBMicro M2 Card= 512 MB ( over 4 GB )ConnectionBluetooth 2.0 with A2DP, USB 2.0, EDGE, GPRSMultimediaGame, voice memory, Walkman participant, Track ID music, Java applicationType of Camera1.3 mega pel, Resolution= 1280 ten 1024 ( ca n’t hit picture )OsJava phoneMessagingSMS, EMS, MMS, Email, Instant MessagingCost200,000 kyats

Equipment cost for Walkie-Talkie

Trade nameMotorolaModel No.

Motorola T9680RAvailable Scope28 stat misAvailable Channel22 channelsCost$ 47.50Trade nameMotorolaModel No.Motorola FV300RAvailable Scope10 stat misAvailable Channel22 channelsCost$ 25.00( vitamin D ) Although each method has the advantages on the communicating, they besides have the restrictions excessively.

Restrictions of GSM

Coverage occurs in rural countries and topographic points like tunnels. The transmittal from GSM may upset the electronic devices. The intervention from GSM is both radio frequence intervention ( RFI ) and electromagnetic intervention ( EMI ) .

The maximal scope for the standard GSM is 35 kilometer.

Restrictions of Walkie-Talkie

The communicating scope of walky-talky can be reduced by the rugged terrain and can be affected by conditions conditions. The sound quality is non good. The talker is excessively loud so that the other individual can hear the voice from the walky-talky. If your walky-talky is on the same channel with person, he can listen to your voice.( vitamin E ) I recommend to utilize the walky-talky for communicating. Because walky-talkies are license free and do n’t be any charges for naming.

This reduces the cost of constabulary fund. The walky-talkies are really inexpensive and easy purchase. They are portable and so the police officers can transport them together in their pockets and can pass on each other easy.

Undertaking 4

( a ) The telephone systems available in my state that is appropriate for single-site organisation are private subdivision exchange ( PBX ) and identify telephone system ( KTS )

Private Branch Exchange ( PBX )

PBX makes the connexions among the internal telephones within the organisation and besides connects them to the public switched telephone web ( PSTN ) via bole lines. The lines are connected to PBX and PBX makes connexion to the cardinal office and so it transfers the call to the other extensions when the outside figure is dialed. PBX system includes the land line, PBX, phones and phone overseas telegrams.

In the PBX system, it contains internal shift web, personal computer for informations processing, control and logic, lines, patchboard and uninterruptable power supply ( UPS ) .

Key Telephone System ( KTS )

KTS is a premises telephone system that have buttons for naming inside an organisation or outside through the populace telephone web. KTS relies on the telephone company exchanging equipment. KTS does n’t necessitate to dial a figure to do an outside call because all lines are connected straight to the telephone company cardinal office.

KTS contains the equipment such as phone and land lines. The land lines connect each phone per line.

( B ) The characteristics of PBX

Auto AttendentCar DialingAutomatic Call DistributorAutomatic Ring BackName AccountingName BlockingName ForwardingName ParkingName Pick-upCall TransportationName WaitingConference CallSpeed DialingDirect Inward DialingNight ServiceVoice Mail

The characteristics of KTS

Distant SupervisionAutomatic Call AccountingSpeed DialingCaller IDStatic-specific RestrictionChoice of Signing Sounds

( degree Celsius ) The cost of equipment for PBX

Panasonic KX-TDA100

Panasonic KX-TDA100 is a intercrossed IP-PBX system and it provides up to 96 ports, 64 CO ‘s and can wire up to 64 phones. Its cost is about $ 352.

33. Its cost is about $ 352.33. Its characteristics areUp to 96 portsUp to 64 CO ‘sUp to 64 phonesMulti-Cell WirelessMaximum Cell Stations Up to 16Maximal Doorphones are Up to 8Maximum Door Opener Contacts are Up to 8Maximal Voice Message ( OGM ) Channelss are Up to 8Maximal Voice Processing Systems contain 2 unitstwo BGM/MOH ( Music on Hold ) Inputstwo External Paging Outputsone RS232C/SMDR Outputsone USB PortsEthernet ( 10 BaseT ) for CTI/Programming one portVoice Over IP GatewayIncoming Call DistributionUniversal Call Distribution

Panasonic KX-T7020 Speakerphone

Panasonic KX-T7020 is a speakerphone and it contains twelve programmable line buttons. It can automatically redial.

It contains tongueless key, keep cardinal, brassy key, redial key, constellation key, transportation key, auto-answer key and message waiting cardinal. Its monetary value is about $ 64.99.

Philips Phone Cable

Philips phone overseas telegram is long approximately 50 foots and the connections are 1x RJ-11-male.Installation cost for PBXThe installing cost for PBX is about $ 1,000.

The cost of equipment for KTS

Panasonic KX-TDA100 telephone and Philip phone overseas telegram can utilize for the KTS.

( vitamin D ) The cost of runing the system

For local call- 15 kyats per minuteFor trunk call- 25 kyats per minute( vitamin E ) I recommend to buy the Private Branch Exchange system PBX allows all users to portion phone lines and so cut down the telecommunication disbursals than KTS. PBX system is wholly programmable.

PBX system contains a batch of utile characteristics. It is easy to put in and configure than traditional telephone system. It is low cost to run. When the users make the call within the organisation, it is free of charge. It can manage add-on phone connexions and extensions without upseting the efficiency of the web.

Undertaking 5

I write the study depicting my web recommendations including the inside informations of undertakings 1-4 and the estimated cost throughout the assignment. In undertaking ( 1 )

Task ( 1 )

( a ) Investigate the possible web topologies and media appropriate for constabulary section

How topologies operate

( a ) I investigate the web topologies and media that can utilize to make the appropriate with the constabulary station.

I write about star topology and pealing topology. I besides write the coaxal overseas telegram and unshielded-twisted brace for the media of the web.Ringing TopologyRinging topology, besides known as ring web, is a type of computing machine web constellation where computing machines and devices are connected to each other in the signifier of a big circle ( pealing ) . Each computing machine in the web is called as host that handles every message which flows through the ring. Each host has a alone reference. If a host sends package to another host, the package is sent around the ring until it reaches its concluding finish.

Signals ever travel in merely one way around the ring because the ring web has no terminal and so the expiration is non required. Every computing machine in the ring is responsible for retransmitting the information. The ring web uses coaxal overseas telegram or fiberoptic overseas telegram as a transmittal media. If one computing machine fails in the individual ring web, the whole web is traveling to breakdown.

The Fiber Distributed Data Interface ( FDDI ) web overcomes the break in the web by directing informations in the clockwise and counterclockwise way on the ring. The FDDI web has two rings. If one ring is failed, the web is still alive with another ring.

Token passing is one method for directing informations around the ring. A little package, called a item, passes around the ring to each host. If a host has the information to direct, it modifies the item, adds address ad informations and sends it around the ring to the finish device or returns to the transmitter. When the intended device receives the information, it creates a message and returns to the transmitter to admit for its safe reaching. Modern pealing web uses “ smart hubs ” which recognize the computing machine ‘s failure and take the computing machine from the pealing automatically. Each computing machine has an equal chance to direct informations and so a individual computing machine ca n’t be able to monopolise the web.

Star TopologyStar topology is a type of web topology in which the computing machines and devices are connected to each other by utilizing the overseas telegrams and cardinal connexion point such as hub or switch. Typically, the star web needs more overseas telegrams than the coach web. The overseas telegrams used in the star web are unshielded distorted brace ( UTP ) and shielded twisted-pair ( STP ) .

If one computing machine fails in the star web, the failure affects the merely one computing machine and non the full web. In the star web, the full web depends on the hub or switch and so if the whole web is breakdown, there could be a job in the hub or switch. This characteristic makes easier to trouble-shoot because the decision maker can repair rapidly and easy web jobs including a individual device or overseas telegram without impacting the other devices. Switch overing engineering is used to link hosts and devices in the star web. In the star web that used hub as a cardinal device, when the computing machine sends the signal, the hub receives it and retransmits it through every overseas telegram to all of the hosts and devices which are connected to the hub.

All hosts have the signal and look into the finish reference but merely the host that the signal is addressed processes the information. In the star web that used exchange as a cardinal device, when the computing machine sends the signal, the switch takes it and retransmits it to one of its port where the intended computing machine is connected. In this method, the multiple computing machines can link at the same time without impacting each other. The star web that used switch is faster than the star web that used hub. Star web constellations are 100-Base-T and 1000-Base-T local country webs.

( B ) Advantages of coaxal overseas telegram

I investigate the advantages of the coaxal overseas telegram as followers.Has a sufficient frequence scope to back up multiple channelsEach multiple channel offers significant capacityProvides greater bandwidth for each channelSupports assorted scope of servicesImproves noise unsusceptibility and has somewhat better public presentation than twisted-pair overseas telegram.Promotes compatibility and interoperability of different sellers ‘ equipments.Resists electromagnetic intervention.I besides investigate the disadvantages of this medium.

Disadvantages of coaxal overseas telegram

The coach topology which uses coaxal overseas telegram is susceptible to congestion, noise and security hazards.May be damaged by lightning work stoppages.Installation costs are high.Is heavy and bulky and has high fading and so it would hold need to implement repeaters.Is hard to put in.Is hard to trouble-shoot.Ca n’t be dead set around tight radiusesCa n’t be tolerant to blame.

Advantages of unshielded twisted-pair ( UTP ) overseas telegram

I write about the advantages of unshielded distorted brace ( UTP ) overseas telegram as followers.

Limit signal debasement caused by electromagnetic intervention ( EMI ) and radio frequence intervention ( RFI ) .Can transport informations at a faster velocity.Less expensive than other type of web media.Is easy to put in.Is easy to trouble-shoot.Is easy to travel and alteration.Can be used with most of the major networking architectures.

Disadvantages of unshielded twisted-pair ( UTP ) overseas telegram

I besides write the disadvantages of unshielded distorted brace as following.The distance between signal encouragements is shorter than it is for coaxal and fiberoptic overseas telegrams.Sensitive to resound.( degree Celsius ) I recommend leading topology and switch and twisted-pair overseas telegram to utilize.

because the star topology is easy to pull off for its simpleness in the functionality. The jobs in the star web are easy to trouble-shoot. The star topology has really simple format and so it is really easy to spread out on the web. If one host fails in the web, it affects merely the failure host and non the full web. It has good public presentation and it is besides really easy to replace, put in or take hosts or other devices.

When the computing machine sends signal to another computing machine, the switch receives it and transportations it straight to the finish computing machine and so it is fast in velocity. The twisted-pair overseas telegram can transport informations at a faster velocity. If the switch is safe, really computing machine in the web is safe. So, this type of web conveys more privateness than any other webs.

Task ( 2 )

Investigate cyberspace connexion demands

( a ) Required Internet services for the constabulary section

The cyberspace services that may be required areSending Email from one constabulary section to the another constabulary section.Sending the sensitive message from one section to another by utilizing the cyberspace connexion.Watching the web sites to cognize about the intelligence of all over the universe.To denote the new policies of the section.

( B ) Suitable connexion velocities for these demands

The suited connexion velocities for these services are 512 kbps because it is high bandwidth, high velocity and it can utilize firmly.

( degree Celsius ) ISPs that can run into these demands

The ISPS that can run into these demands in my state are Myanmar Post and Telecommunication ( MPT ) and Red Link.Myanmar Post and Telecommunication office offers the programs for ADSL service as following.

PlanActivation Fee ( FEC )Monthly Fee ( FEC )Free E-mail HistoriesMaximum Attached DevicessSpeed ( kbps )Data Limit ( MB )Consumer ( Data merely )8403511 Personal computer128400Consumer8404511 Personal computer + VoIP128400Enterprise8407534 Personal computer + VoIP2562,000Corporate8401302512 Personal computer + VoIP51210,000VPN840100

51210,000Red Link offers the programs for Wi-max service as following.PlanMonthly Fee ( FEC )Free Email AccountMaximum Attached DevicessSpeed ( MIR )Consumer4511 Personal computer + 1 VoIP128 KbpsEnterprise7534 Personal computer + 1 VoIP256 KbpsCorporate1302512 Personal computer + 2 VoIP512 Kbps

Installation Fees

Wi-max Activation Fee= 840 FECWi-max Annual Fee = 60 FECWi-max Equipment Fee= 600 FECEntire Fee = 1,500 FEC

VoIP Service ( Optional )

VoIP Activation Fee = 50 FECVoIP Annual Fee = 60 FECVoIP Adapter ( 3 ports ) = 250 FECEntire Fee =360 FEC( vitamin D ) I recommend to take the MPT as the cyberspace service supplier because it is the best cyberspace service supplier in my state. In the connexion velocity, I recommend to take the ADSL with the corporate program because it has 512 kbps with the sensible cost and it is adequate to utilize the needed cyberspace services for the constabulary section.

Task ( 3 )

Investigate bipartisan voice communications could be implemented for constabulary section

( a ) How full semidetached house and half duplex work

( a ) I investigate GSM and walky-talky as the two methods of the bipartisan voice communications that could be implemented by the constabulary section. I am traveling to explicate how each method works.

How GSM works

Global System for Mobile Communications ( GSM ) is an international criterion and can utilize in the many parts of the universe. GSM operates with 900 MHz set ( 890 MHz-960MHz ) in Europe and Asia and 1900 MHz set in United States. GSM web consists of three major systems ; the Switching System ( SS ) , the Base Station System ( BSS ) and the Operation and Support System ( OSS ) .

Switch overing System ( SS )

The shift system ( SS ) performs call processing and endorser related maps. SS has five databases to execute different maps. These databases are Home Location Register ( HLR ) , Mobile Services Switching Center ( MSC ) , Visitor Location Registration ( VLR ) , Authentication Center ( AUC ) and Equipment Identity Register ( EIR ) .

Home Location Register ( HLR )

The place location registry ( HLR ) performs hive awaying and pull offing information of endorsers and consists of endorser waiter profile, position of activities, information about locations and lasting informations of all kinds. When the endorsers use new connexion, the endorsers are registered in HLR of nomadic phone companies.

Mobile Services Switching Center ( MSC )

The nomadic services exchanging centre ( MSC ) handles proficient terminal of telephone and performs exchanging functionality of the full system. It controls the calls from same webs and calls from other webs.

It is responsible for toll ticketing, common channel signaling, web interfacing, etc.

Visitor Location Register ( VLR )

The visitant location registry ( VLR ) performs dynamic undertakings and shops impermanent informations sing endorsers which is needed by MSC. VLR is connected to MSC straight.

When subscriber moves to different MSC location, VLR integrates to MSC of current location and requests the information of endorser from HLR. When the endorser makes a call, VLR already has the required information for doing call and does n’t necessitate linking to HRL once more.

Authentication Center ( AUC )

The hallmark centre ( AUC ) handles the security terminal of the system. The major undertaking is to authenticate and code the parametric quantities which verify user ‘s designation and so the endorser can do a call confidentiality. It makes certain that the nomadic operators are safe from different frauds.

Equipment Identity Register ( EIR )

The equipment place registry ( EIR ) shops important information sing nomadic equipments. It provides in curtailing for calls been stolen, mal operation of any Mobile Station ( MS ) or unauthorised entree. ELR and AUC are either stand-alone nodes or sometimes work together as combined AUC/EIR nodes for optimal public presentation.

Base Station System ( BSS )

The base station system ( BSS ) is really of import in nomadic communicating. It is out door units which consists of Fe rods and is normally high length. It is responsible for linking endorsers to mobile webs. All communicating is made in wireless transmittal. It can be divided into two systems, Base Transceiver Station ( BTS ) and Base Station Controller ( BSC ) .

Base Transceiver Station ( BTS )

Mobile phones connect to the nomadic web through the base transceiver station ( BTS ) . BTS handles communicating utilizing radio transmittal with nomadic station. BTS is the wireless equipment that receives and transmits voice informations at the same clip.

Base Station Controller ( BSC )

The base station accountant ( BSC ) controls many cells, it registers endorsers and responsible for MS handovers, etc. BSC creates physical nexus between subscriber ( MS ) and BTS and controls maps of BTS. BSC performs the map of high quality switch by handover over the MS to next BSC when MS goes out of the scope of BTS, BSC helps in linking to following in scope BTS to maintain the connexion within the web. BSC besides performs the maps such as cell constellation informations and control wireless frequence in BTS.

After BSC done its procedures, informations moves to MSC. MSC is a exchanging centre that acts like a span between different nomadic webs.

Operation and Support System ( OSS )

The operation and support system ( OSS ) implements Operations and Maintenance Center ( OMC ) which is designed to link to equipment of MSC and BSC. OSS proctors and controls the complex systems in the nomadic webs. The basic ground of OSS is to supply users a cost effectual support and solutions.

OSS helps in managing, centralising, local and regional operational activities required for the GSM webs. The of import facets of OSS are keeping nomadic web organisation, provide overview of web, support and care activities.

How Walkie-Talkie plants

Walkie-talkie is a bipartisan wireless transceiver.

It is handheld, portable and has a half-duplex channel. While the user negotiations with the walky-talky, the user has to merely force and keep the button on the walky-talky. Then the sound is transmitted through the air by utilizing the wireless moving ridges. These wireless moving ridges go to another walky-talky and so change over into the sound. There are fundamentally six parts on the common walky-talkies. They are ;Transmitter- It sends voice to the another walky-talky after change overing voice into wireless moving ridges.

Receiver- It receives radio moving ridges sent by sender.Speaker- It amplifies the sound received by receiving system.Microphone- It attains the sound and converts it into electric signal.Crystal – It is besides called channel, sets the frequence used for communicating.Power Source- It is normally from the batteries.

Most walky-talkies have option to alter channels. This prevents people from utilizing the same channel for communicating.

( degree Celsius ) License Cost for GSM

The licensing cost for GSM is 1,500,000 kyats.Ratess in KyatsRate of US $Annual Charges12000.00600.

00Local Call Fees ( Per Minute )25.000.30Trunk Call Fees ( Per Minute )35.000.30Value Added ServicesName Line Identification ServicessName Waiting ServiceName Forwarding ServiceThree Ways Call ServiceSwitching FeesReconnection Fees6000.006000.

005000.00200.00120.00120.00120.00120.

0030.0030.00Short Message Services ( SMS )( Per message- upper limit 160 characters )25.0025.00

Equipment cost for GSM

Trade nameNokiaModel No.Nokia 6220Network CommunicationGSM850/900/1800/1900HSDPA900/2100 ( for 3G web )Weight and height108 ten 47 ten 15 millimeter, 90gMemoryInternal memory=128 MBMicro SD Card ( over 8GB )ConnectionBluetooth 2.0 with A2DP, USB 2.0, EDGE, GPRS, WAP2.

0MultimediaMP3, MP4, FM, Television end product built in GPS, Office application, Java applicationType of Camera5 mega pel, Resolution= 2592 ten 1944 pelOsSymbian OS 9.3MessagingSMS, MMS, Email, Instant MessagingCost190,000 kyatsTrade nameSony EricssonModel No.Sony Ericsson K810Network CommunicationGSM850/900/1800/1900Weight and height104 ten 43 ten 10.

5 millimeter, 80gMemoryInternal memory=14 MBMicro M2 Card= 512 MB ( over 4 GB )ConnectionBluetooth 2.0 with A2DP, USB 2.0, EDGE, GPRSMultimediaGame, voice memory, Walkman participant, Track ID music, Java applicationType of Camera1.3 mega pel, Resolution= 1280 ten 1024 ( ca n’t hit picture )OsJava phoneMessagingSMS, EMS, MMS, Email, Instant MessagingCost200,000 kyats

Equipment cost for Walkie-Talkie

Trade nameMotorolaModel No.Motorola T9680RAvailable Scope28 stat misAvailable Channel22 channelsCost$ 47.50

Trade name

Motorola

Model No.

Motorola FV300R

Available Scope

10 stat mis

Available Channel

22 channels

Cost

$ 25.00

( vitamin D ) Although each method has the advantages on the communicating, they besides have the restrictions excessively.

Restrictions of GSM

Coverage occurs in rural countries and topographic points like tunnels. The transmittal from GSM may upset the electronic devices. The intervention from GSM is both radio frequence intervention ( RFI ) and electromagnetic intervention ( EMI ) .

The maximal scope for the standard GSM is 35 kilometer.

Restrictions of Walkie-Talkie

The communicating scope of walky-talky can be reduced by the rugged terrain and can be affected by conditions conditions. The sound quality is non good. The talker is excessively loud so that the other individual can hear the voice from the walky-talky. If your walky-talky is on the same channel with person, he can listen to your voice.

( vitamin E ) I recommend to utilize the walky-talky for communicating. Because walky-talkies are license free and do n’t be any charges for naming. This reduces the cost of constabulary fund. The walky-talkies are really inexpensive and easy purchase. They are portable and so the police officers can transport them together in their pockets and can pass on each other easy.

Task ( 4 )

Investigate telephone systems available in my state for single-site organisation

( a ) Main equipment that would be installed

Public Branch Exchange ( PBX )

PBX makes the connexions among the internal telephones within the organisation and besides connects them to the public switched telephone web ( PSTN ) via bole lines. The lines are connected to PBX and PBX makes connexion to the cardinal office and so it transfers the call to the other extensions when the outside figure is dialed. PBX system includes the land line, PBX, phones and phone overseas telegrams. In the PBX system, it contains internal shift web, personal computer for informations processing, control and logic, lines, patchboard and uninterruptable power supply ( UPS ) .

Key Telephone System ( KTS )

KTS is a premises telephone system that have buttons for naming inside an organisation or outside through the populace telephone web. KTS relies on the telephone company exchanging equipment.

KTS does n’t necessitate to dial a figure to do an outside call because all lines are connected straight to the telephone company cardinal office. KTS contains the equipment such as phone and land lines. The land lines connect each phone per line.

( B ) Features of these systems

The characteristics of PBX

Auto AttendentCar DialingAutomatic Call Distributor ( Automatic Call Directory services )Automatic Ring BackName AccountingName BlockingName ForwardingName ParkingName Pick-upCall TransportationCamp-onCustom salutationsBusy overrideName WaitingConference CallSpeed DialingDirect Inward DialingNight Service ( section can hold the shared message boxes. )Voice MailDirect Inward Access ( DISA ) [ ability to entree the internal characteristics from the outside phone lines.Do non Disturb ( DND )Synergistic voice responseMusic on claspVoice message broadcast mediumVoice pagingWelcome message

The characteristics of KTS

Distant SupervisionAutomatic Call AccountingSpeed DialingCaller IDStatic-specific RestrictionChoice of Signing Sounds

( degree Celsius ) The cost of equipment for PBX

Panasonic KX-TDA100

Panasonic KX-TDA100 is a intercrossed IP-PBX system and it provides up to 96 ports, 64 CO ‘s and can wire up to 64 phones. Its cost is about $ 352.33. Its characteristics areUp to 96 portsUp to 64 CO ‘sUp to 64 phonesMulti-Cell WirelessMaximum Cell Stations Up to 16Maximal Doorphones are Up to 8Maximum Door Opener Contacts are Up to 8Maximal Voice Message ( OGM ) Channelss are Up to 8Maximal Voice Processing Systems contain 2 unitstwo BGM/MOH ( Music on Hold ) Inputstwo External Paging Outputsone RS232C/SMDR Outputsone USB PortsEthernet ( 10 BaseT ) for CTI/Programming one portVoice Over IP GatewayVoice Over IP ExtensionSD Card, it is used for hive awaying system package and local database informationTAPI 2.1 Compliant, Telephone Application Programming Interface CompliantAutomatic Callback Busy ( Camp On )System Speed Dialing 1000 Numbers and 32 Digits each per renterAccount CodesConferencing, 3 to 8 parties per conference ( 32 parties entire )Incoming Call DistributionUniversal Call Distribution

Panasonic KX-T7020 Speakerphone

Panasonic KX-T7020 is a speakerphone and it contains twelve programmable line buttons. It can automatically redial.

It contains tongueless key, keep cardinal, brassy key, redial key, constellation key, transportation key, auto-answer key and message waiting cardinal. Its monetary value is about $ 64.99.

Philips Phone Cable

Philips phone overseas telegram is long approximately 50 foots and the connections are 1x RJ-11-male.Installation cost for PBXThe installing cost for PBX is about $ 1,000.

The cost of equipment for KTS

Panasonic KX-TDA100 telephone and Philip phone overseas telegram can utilize for the KTS.The installing cost for KTS is about $ 200.

( vitamin D ) The cost of runing the system

The cost of runing these telephone systems are as following.

For local call- 15 kyats per minuteFor trunk call- 25 kyats per minute( vitamin E ) I recommend to buy the Private Branch Exchange system PBX allows all users to portion phone lines and so cut down the telecommunication disbursals than KTS. PBX system is wholly programmable. PBX system contains a batch of utile characteristics. It is easy to put in and configure than traditional telephone system. It is low cost to run. When the users make the call within the organisation, it is free of charge. It can manage add-on phone connexions and extensions without upseting the efficiency of the web.

Estimate Cost

The estimation cost throughout the web is as following.

Implementing star topologywith unshielded distorted brace $ 100Internet Service ( ADSL ) $ 1,000Walkie-talkie $ 50 ( per point )PBX $ 1,500 ( including installing cost, cardinal unit, overseas telegrams and ten telephones )Entire Estimated Cost $ 2,650throughout the assignment

Premise

I have a batch of cognition about the web by making this assignment. In undertaking ( 1 ) , I have a batch of cognition about how topologies work including the media used to link. I besides know the inside informations of star and ring topologies and the coaxial and unshielded distorted brace overseas telegram.

In undertaking ( 2 ) , I know a batch of information about the cyberspace services offered by the cyberspace service suppliers in my state. In undertaking ( 3 ) , I know about how Global System for Mobile Technology ( GSM ) and walkie-talkie work, cost of puting up and runing each method and restrictions of the GSM and walky-talky. In undertaking ( 4 ) , I have a batch of cognition about the private subdivision exchange ( PBX ) and identify telephone system ( KTS ) including the characteristics, the cost of equipment and the cost of installing and the cost of runing the PBX and KTS.

Decision

I try this assignment really difficult by watching the cyberspace and traveling to the library. So, I have a batch of cognition about the web and telecommunication.